Esther Boise Van Deman

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Esther Boise Van Deman
BornOctober 1, 1862
South Salem, Ohio
DiedMay 3, 1937(1937-05-03) (aged 74)
Rome, Italy
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Michigan
Known forRoman archaeology
Scientific career
FieldsArchaeology
Thesis "The Cult of Vesta Publica and the Vestal Virgins"  (1898)

Esther Boise Van Deman (October 1, 1862 – 3 May 1937) was a leading archaeologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She developed techniques that allowed her to estimate the building dates of ancient buildings in Rome.

Life[edit]

Esther Boise Van Deman was born in South Salem, Ohio, to Joseph Van Deman and his second wife, Martha Millspaugh. She was the youngest of six children, including two boys by her father's first marriage.[1]

Education and career[edit]

The Atrium Vestae, 1909

Van Deman entered the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor at the age of 24 in 1886 and received her A.B. in Latin in 1891. From 1889 she worked closely with the new, young Professor Francis Kelsey, who encouraged her to study the cult of the Vestal Virgins. She stayed at Michigan, becoming one of the first women to undertake post-graduate studies there, and received her A.M. in 1891. She then became the first fellow in Latin at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania. Moving to Baltimore she taught Latin at Wellesley College, then Bryn Mawr School. In 1895 she presented a paper, "The Duties of the Vestals" at a conference organised by Kelsey. She commenced studying for her doctorate at the University of Chicago in 1896 and became the first woman to be awarded a PhD in Latin there in 1898; her thesis again focused on the Vestal Virgins. She then taught Latin at Mount Holyoke College from 1898 to 1901[2][3]

In 1901 Van Deman travelled to Rome, assisted by her mentor Kelsey, to gather further material on the Vestal Virgins. The House of the Vestal Virgins was being excavated at the time and Van Deman regularly observed the dig and examined the finds. She returned to America in 1903 to become an associate professor at Goucher College teaching Latin and classical archaeology. In 1905 she returned to Rome. In 1906 she won a Carnegie Institution fellowship, which allowed her to study with the American School of Classical Studies in Rome for three years. She was the third woman to have been awarded this fellowship.

From 1910 to 1925 she was an associate of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. Between 1925 and 1930 she taught Roman archaeology at the University of Michigan.

Esther Boise Van Deman's 1903 photo of the Columns of the Temple of Mars

Her life's work centered around the analysis of building materials to establish a chronology of construction on ancient sites. In 1907, while attending a lecture in the Atrium Vestae in Rome, Van Deman noticed that the bricks blocking up a doorway differed from those of the structure itself and showed that such differences in building materials provided a key to the chronology of ancient structures. The Carnegie Institution published her preliminary findings in The Atrium Vestae (1909).[4] Van Deman extended her research to other kinds of concrete and brick construction and published "Methods of Determining the Date of Roman Concrete Monuments" in The American Journal of Archaeology.[5] Her basic methodology, with few modifications, became standard procedure in Roman archaeology.[citation needed] During her time in Rome up to 1925 she took many photographs of her work to record archaeology.[6] Van Deman's major work, written after she retired and settled in Rome, was The Building of the Roman Aqueducts (1934).[7] She died in Rome, Italy, on May 3, 1937. She is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome, near the Porta Ostiense. At the time of her death, Van Deman was at work on a monograph-length study of Roman construction. Her work was completed and published by Marion Elizabeth Blake (1882–1961).[8]

Van Deman's nephew, Ralph Van Deman Magoffin (1874–1942), published a study of the Italian city of Praeneste.[9] His interest in archaeology may have been sparked by his aunt.[10]

See also[edit]

Works[edit]

  • "The Value of Vestal Statues as Originals", American Journal of Archaeology 12.3 (July-Sept. 1908) 324-342
  • The Atrium Vestae 1909
  • The So-Called Flavian Rostra 1909
  • "Methods of Determining the Date of Roman Concrete Monuments", American Journal of Archaeology. April–June 1912
  • The Porticus of Gaius and Lucius 1913
  • "The Sullan Forum", Journal of Roman Studies 1922
  • The Sacra Via of Nero 1925
  • The Building of the Roman Aqueducts 1934

Notes, citations and sources[edit]

Notes[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "Van Deman, Esther Boise" Notable American Women, Vol. 3, 4th ed., The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975
  2. ^ Welch 2004, p. 70.
  3. ^ Pedley, The Life and Work of Francis Willey Kelsey, 76.
  4. ^ Esther Boise Van Deman (1909). The Atrium Vestæ. Carnegie Institution.
  5. ^ Esther Boise van Deman. 1912. "Methods of Determining the Date of Roman Concrete Monuments (Second Paper)" American Journal of Archaeology 16.3:387-432. Article DOI:10.2307/497195
  6. ^ "A View of One's Own: Three Eras of Women Photograph Rome". Humble Arts Foundation. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  7. ^ Esther Boise Van Deman (1934). The building of the Roman aqueducts. McGrath Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-8434-0151-6.
  8. ^ Marion Elizabeth Blake (1949). Ancient Roman construction in Italy from the prehistoric period to Augustus: a chronological study based in part upon the material accumulated by Esther Boise Van Deman. Carnegie Institution.
  9. ^ Ralph Van Deman Magoffin (1908). A Study of the Topography and Municipal History of Praeneste, by Ralph Van Deman Magoffin... New Era printing Company.
  10. ^ Welch 2004, pp. 69–70.

Sources[edit]

Welch, Katherine (2004). "Esther Boise Van Deman (1862-1937)". In Cohen, Getzel M.; Joukowsky, Martha Sharp (eds.). Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 68–108. ISBN 0472113720.

External links[edit]

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